Stucco, also known as Portland cement plaster, is a popular finish for many commercial and residential structures, particularly in southern climates. It was originally made from lime, sand and water. The modern formula for stucco is made from Portland cement, sand as an aggregate, and water. Portland cement is the binder that holds the materials together.

Portland cement is the key ingredients and can be found in many structures such as high-rise buildings, driveways and freeways. Stucco is applied wet to the house exterior surface, then hardens to a durable finish. Typically two to three thin layers are applied. A trowel is used for the first layer (known as the scratch coat) to create the scratches needed for the second layer and final (second or third layer) to adhere to the surface.

Stucco is also applied to brick, stone, concrete and adobe, as well as a wood frame or other types of building material.

Builders use stucco for exterior finish work because of its strength and toughness and for its ability to withstand most weather conditions. Stucco also has a high resistance to rust and fire. Because stucco is breathable, moisture can pass through the material, which help prevent decay and erosion. In addition, a stucco finish is extremely economical.

Another advantage to using stucco is that a variety of pigment can be added to stucco to change its color. The textures can be altered to make the plaster look like brick, stone or wood. Many homes in southern latitudes have stucco siding, especially buildings with a Mediterranean or Spanish style. Stucco is often used as an interior finish.

Like most building sidings, stucco can become damaged over time. Cracks can appear, as well as holes. Chipping can occur around or near corners. Cracking is usually the result of building settlement. Although stucco cracking can be a normal part of a building's aging process, it can also be a sign of more serious foundation problems.

Whenever a hole or crack appears, it needs to be repaired quickly to prevent further damage and deterioration. Water can enter the building through stucco wall cracks, causing wood rot and other structural damage issues. The rate at which water will enter a building through a stucco crack will depend on its size and depth of the crack. The amount of wind in the area can also influence the degree of water penetration.

Home repair of stucco can be somewhat difficult, particularly if you need to match textures and colors. Any foundation cracks also need to be waterproof. To repair stucco the damaged stucco material must be removed then a small amount of stucco patch material can be mixed in a wheel barrel and trowelled on the damaged area. When it has dried, it can be painted to match the surrounding area.

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